Retrieval

Practice Retrieval in Python with research-based exercises, implementation guides, and tests on PaperLeet.

• 53. BPR

  Learn each user's ranking from observed-versus-unobserved item preferences.

  UAI 2009 · 1 exercises
• 54. LightGCN

  Propagate collaborative signals through a symmetrically normalized user-item graph and aggregate multiple layers including initial embeddings.

  SIGIR 2020 · 1 exercises
• 67. GraphSAGE

  Aggregate sampled neighborhoods with shared feature transformations and transfer the encoder to an unseen graph.

  NIPS 2017 · 1 exercises
• 52. SASRec

  Read only observed history and predict the next item using position-wise positive/negative training targets.

  ICDM 2018 · 1 exercises
• 24. CLIP

  Align image and text representations using a symmetric in-batch contrastive objective.

  ICML 2021 · 1 exercises
• 51. ColBERT

  Preserve token vectors and sum each query token's best document match.

  SIGIR 2020 · 1 exercises
• 30. Rotation Trick

  Use a frozen rotation and scale to construct vector-quantization surrogate gradients.

  ICLR 2025 Oral · 1 exercises
• 50. TIGER

  Encode items as residual-quantized semantic IDs, then generate IDs and retrieve valid catalog items.

  NeurIPS 2023 · 2 exercises